Independent insight on Sahel & West Africa

Menastream is a research and analysis consultancy specializing in conflict data collection and intelligence analysis. Our work focuses on political violence, conflict, and armed actors in the Sahel and West Africa. With over 15 years of experience across the MENA region, we provide tailored analysis to support decision-makers in media, government, and international organizations

CONFLICT DATA COLLECTION

INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS

ADVISORY SERVICES

PUBLICATIONS

From hunters to militias: The militarization of Dozos in Mali

Once traditional hunter–guardian groups, the Dozo have evolved into armed actors amid Mali’s state collapse. They now enforce security, run checkpoints, and conduct violent reprisals against civilians, especially Fulani. Their actions blur the line between defense and aggression.

08/10/2025 | ACLED

New frontlines: Jihadist expansion is reshaping the Benin, Niger, and Nigeria borderlands

Since 2024, JNIM and ISSP have expanded beyond the Sahel into the Benin–Niger–Nigeria borderlands. Their growing presence fuels violence, displaces civilians, and pressures governments. The spread marks a new stage in jihadist reach toward coastal West Africa.

27/03/2025 | ACLED

The Islamic State in Africa

This book explores how Islamic State affiliates across Africa adapted after the fall of the caliphate. Local branches operate autonomously but share ideology and strategy. It shows how weak governance enables jihadist resilience across multiple regions.

6/12/2021 | Hurst Publishers

The Conflict Between Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State in the Sahel, A Year On

After years of coexistence, JNIM and ISGS now openly clash across the Sahel. Their rivalry stems from ideology, control of resources, and loyalty to rival global commands. The shift has intensified violence and reshaped militant alliances in the region.

15/02/2021 | ISPI

Digital Dunes and Shrublands: A Comparative Introduction to the Sahelian Jihadi Propaganda Ecosystem

This study examines how JNIM and ISGS craft online propaganda in the Sahel. It compares themes, imagery, and distribution methods. The analysis reveals how digital ecosystems adapt to local contexts to sustain recruitment and ideological influence.

27/10/2020 | GNET

The End of the Sahelian Anomaly: How the Global Conflict between the Islamic State and al-Qa`ida Finally Came to West Africa

The rivalry between Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State has reached West Africa. Competition for recruits and resources has split militant groups and sparked infighting. The Sahel is now a full arena of the global jihadist power struggle.

31/07/2020 | CTC Sentinel

America Is Quietly Expanding Its War in Tunisia

U.S. Africa Command has discreetly increased its operations in Tunisia. Surveillance missions and drone deployments indicate deeper engagement in North Africa’s security sphere. The expansion reflects Washington’s concern over jihadist threats near Libya.

18/09/2018 | The National Interest